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He made several night sorties to lay naval mines, one of which succeeded in sinking the Japanese cruiser Takasago. In the early stages of the Russo-Japanese War, he served as watch officer on the cruiser Askold, and later commanded the destroyer Serdityi. Not far from Irkutsk, he received notice of the start of war with the Empire of Japan and hastily summoned his bride and her father to Siberia by telegram for a wedding before heading directly to Port Arthur. Petersburg, there to marry his fiancee Sophia Omirova. In December 1903, Kolchak was on his way back to St.

For his explorations Kolchak received the highest award of the Russian Geographical Society. Kolchak took part in two Arctic expeditions and for a while was nicknamed "Kolchak-Poliarnyi" ("Kolchak the Polar").

He returned to western Russia and was based at Kronstadt, joining the Russian Polar expedition of Eduard Toll on the ship Zarya in 1900 as a hydrologist.Īfter considerable hardship, Kolchak returned in December 1902 Eduard Toll with three other members went further north and were lost. He was soon transferred to the Far East, serving in Vladivostok from 1895 to 1899. Kolchak was educated for a naval career, graduating from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1894 and joining the 7th Naval Battalion of the city. His father was a retired major-general of the Marine Artillery, who was actively engaged in the siege of Sevastopol in 1854–55 and after his retirement worked as an engineer in ordnance works near St. Kolchak was born in Saint Petersburg in 1874. As his White forces fell apart, he was captured by independents who handed him to the Bolsheviks, who executed him. He refused to consider autonomy for ethnic minorities, refused to collaborate with non-Bolshevik leftists, and relied too heavily on outside aid. He failed to unite all the disparate elements. For example, he lost track of the imperial gold reserves and much of it disappeared.

He tried to defeat Bolshevism by ruling as a dictator but his government proved weak and confused. His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia. During the Russian Civil War, he established a reactionary government in Siberia-later the Provisional All-Russian Government-and was recognised as the "Supreme Ruler and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces" by the other leaders of the White movement (1918–1920). Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к, 16 November  1874 – 7 February 1920) was a polar explorer and commander in the Imperial Russian Navy, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War.